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Adult Acne: Types, Causes, and Treatment
The most common types of antibiotics include penicillins (e.g., amoxicillin).
Especially prescribed for bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and skin.
Cephalosporins (e.g., cephalexin) are commonly used for urinary and skin infections.
Macrolides (e.g., azithromycin) for respiratory tract infections.
Each class of antibiotics targets specific bacteria and conditions.
Antibiotics are vital in treating bacterial infections, but not all antibiotics work the same.
In this blog, we are going to learn about the main types and their uses.
Also, know what you should know before taking them to ensure safe and effective treatment.
Antibiotics treat bacterial infections by preventing bacteria from reproducing or destroying themselves.
While the immune system can fight bacteria, you need antibiotics when harmful bacteria overwhelm it.
Penicillin was the first antibiotic, with derivatives like Amoxicillin and Ampicillin.
Doctors prescribe Antibiotics for conditions like bronchitis, strep throat, and ear infections, and many others.
But note that they are ineffective against viral infections like colds and flu.
Some antibiotics require prescriptions, while topical forms are available OTC.
These types of antibiotics block the formation of bacterial cell walls, leading to cell death. Examples: Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Vancomycin.
Antibiotics under this category prevent bacteria from making essential proteins vital for survival and growth.
Examples: Tetracyclines, Macrolides (like Azithromycin), Aminoglycosides.
These types of antibiotics disrupt DNA or RNA replication in bacteria, stopping cell division. In response, the action makes the survival of bacteria difficult and kills them.
Examples: Fluoroquinolones (like Ciprofloxacin), Rifampin.
These antibiotics block key bacterial enzymes in folic acid synthesis, vital for DNA production.
Examples: Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim.
Each class targets a different bacterial function and helps to guide appropriate antibiotic use.
Some of the most common types of antibiotics prescribed by doctors include:
Penicillin treats bacterial infections of the skin, the kidney, the middle ear, and the blood.
Also, it helps in Staphylococci and Streptococci infections.
But ensure using it as prescribed, because overuse can lead to bacterial resistance.
Common penicillin antibiotics include:
Side effects of penicillin antibiotics include:
Oral contraceptives and anti-inflammatories like aspirin and probenecid might interact with penicillin. So, it would be best to inform your doctor about any other drugs you have already been taking.
Cephalosporins are an alternative for those allergic to penicillin. It helps in preventing bacteria from forming strong cell walls and leads to their death. They treat skin infections, meningitis, cellulitis, abscesses, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Some are highly effective for severe diseases like septicemia.
Some common Cephalosporins include:
Potential side effects of Cephalosporins include:
Tetracyclines are antibiotics with anti-inflammatory properties. It helps treat bacterial infections of the chest, pelvic, and urethral areas, traveller's diarrhoea, and syphilis. Doctors also prescribe Tetracyclines for inflammatory skin issues such as rosacea, acne, and perioral dermatitis.
Common tetracycline antibiotics include:
Pregnant or breastfeeding women and children under 12 should avoid tetracyclines. Use of Tetracyclines in these cases may cause teeth staining.
Other potential side effects of tetracycline include:
Note that you should not take tetracycline antibiotics with diuretics as they can increase your risk of kidney toxicity.
Macrolides are a safe alternative for those allergic to penicillin or cephalosporins. Macrolides work by blocking bacterial protein production to treat the infection. It can help with pneumonia, skin infections, chlamydia, COPD, ear infections, tonsillitis, and H. pylori. Moreover, Macrolides are the first choice for atypical pneumonia.
Some common macrolides include:
Potential side effects of macrolide antibiotics include:
Fluoroquinolones help treat severe bacterial infections but are linked to antimicrobial resistance. You should use Fluoroquinolones only when necessary. They are first-line treatments for prostatitis, severe shigellosis, and salmonellosis. Fluoroquinolones also treat gonorrhoea, epididymal orchitis, tuberculosis, and bacterial infections of the eye, urinary tract, and ear.
Common drugs that come under the fluoroquinolone category include:
Potential side effects of Fluoroquinolones include:
Sulfonamides are synthetic antibiotics that block bacterial DNA production by inhibiting folic acid use. They treat tonsillitis, meningococcal infections, UTIs, E. coli, infected burns, and bacillary dysentery. Also, doctors prescribe it for eye and skin infections, and septicemia.
Types of Sulfonamides available include:
Sulfonamide antibiotics should not be taken during pregnancy as they increase the risk of pregnancy loss. You may buy these Antibiotic Medicines from our online pharmacy.
Potential side effects of Sulfonamides include:
Antibiotics treat bacterial infections by targeting specific processes, like cell wall or protein synthesis.
Common types include penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, and tetracyclines, each suited for different conditions.
Moreover, Proper use is essential to avoid side effects, resistance, and harm to gut health.
Always consult a doctor before starting antibiotic therapy.
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